What does "current" refer to in an electrical context?

In an electrical context, "current" refers to the flow of electrons through a conductor, such as a wire. This movement of electrons occurs when there is a potential difference (voltage) applied across the conductor, causing the electrons to move from one area to another. This flow is what enables the transfer of electrical energy, powering devices and performing work in various circuits.

Electrons are negatively charged particles, and their movement constitutes electric current, which can be measured in amperes. Other types of particle movement, such as the flow of protons, neutrons, or ions, do not fit the standard definition of electrical current in most contexts. While ions do flow in specific applications like electrolytes, they represent a different scenario that is not considered traditional electrical current, which is predominantly characterized by electron flow. Understanding current as the flow of electrons is fundamental to mastering electrical principles relevant in both theoretical and practical applications.